Ngadha language

Ngadha
Ngadha
Bahasa Ngadha
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Flores
Native speakers	(ca. 65,000 cited 1994–1995)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Central–Eastern MP Sumba–Flores Ende–Manggarai Central Flores Ngadha–Soʼa Ngadha; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; nxg – Ngadʼa; nea – Eastern Ngadʼa
Glottolog	ngad1261

Ngadha (IPA: [ŋaᶑa], also spelled Ngada, Ngadʼa or Ngaʼda^[2]) is an Austronesian language, one of six languages spoken in the central stretch of the Indonesian island of Flores.^[3] From west to east these languages are Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio, and Palu'e. These languages form the proposed Central Flores group of the Sumba–Flores languages, according to Blust (2009).^[4]

Djawanai (1983) precises that Ngadha somewhat deviates from Austronesian norms, in that words do not have clear cognates and the grammatical processes are different;^[5] for example, the Austronesian family of languages makes an abundant use of prefixes or suffixes (which form new words by adding extensions either before or after root-words, such as [per-]form or child[-hood]), whereas the Ngadha language uses no prefixes or suffixes.^[6]

Ngadha is one of the few languages with a retroflex implosive /ᶑ /.

^ Ngadʼa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Eastern Ngadʼa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Djawanai, Stephanas; Grimes, Charles E. (1985). "Ngada". In Darrell T. Tryon (ed.). Comparative Austronesian Dictionary: An Introduction to Austronesian Studies. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter. pp. 593–599. doi:10.1515/9783110884012.1.593.
^ "Introduction". Rongga Documentation Project. Archived from the original on 2006-08-24. Retrieved 2006-12-19.
^ Blust, Robert (2008). "Is There a Bima-Sumba Subgroup?". Oceanic Linguistics. 47 (1): 45–113. doi:10.1353/ol.0.0006. JSTOR 20172340. S2CID 144311741.
^ Djawanai 1983, p. 2.
^ Peter ten Hoopen. "Ikat from Ngadha, Indonesia". ikat.us. Online Museum of Indonesian ikat textiles, curator: Dr Peter Ten Hoopen. Retrieved 2024-06-08.

[e18-1] Ngadʼa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Eastern Ngadʼa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[DjawanaiGrimes-2] Djawanai, Stephanas; Grimes, Charles E. (1985). "Ngada". In Darrell T. Tryon (ed.). Comparative Austronesian Dictionary: An Introduction to Austronesian Studies. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter. pp. 593–599. doi:10.1515/9783110884012.1.593.

[3] "Introduction". Rongga Documentation Project. Archived from the original on 2006-08-24. Retrieved 2006-12-19.

[4] Blust, Robert (2008). "Is There a Bima-Sumba Subgroup?". Oceanic Linguistics. 47 (1): 45–113. doi:10.1353/ol.0.0006. JSTOR 20172340. S2CID 144311741.

[FOOTNOTEDjawanai19832-5] Djawanai 1983, p. 2.

[6] Peter ten Hoopen. "Ikat from Ngadha, Indonesia". ikat.us. Online Museum of Indonesian ikat textiles, curator: Dr Peter Ten Hoopen. Retrieved 2024-06-08.

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Ngadha
Bahasa Ngadha
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Flores
Native speakers	(ca. 65,000 cited 1994–1995)^[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Central–Eastern MP Sumba–Flores Ende–Manggarai Central Flores Ngadha–Soʼa Ngadha
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: `nxg` – Ngadʼa `nea` – Eastern Ngadʼa
Glottolog	`ngad1261`